Amid rapid globalization and rising populism, threats to liberal constitutional democracies are prevalent in countries like Poland, Turkey, Hungary, and Venezuela.
![36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_03](http://lawmagazine.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_03.jpg)
Poland
Threat: Government refused to publish unfavorable decisions of Constitutional Tribunal in the Official Journal. Fix: Get lower courts to hold that the tribunal’s interpretations are binding even without publication in the journal.
![36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_04](http://lawmagazine.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_04.jpg)
Turkey
Threat: Change of constitutional regime from parliamentary to presidential and the jailing of journalists. Fix: Provide human rights data to organizations like Freedom House in hopes they’ll downgrade Turkey to “not free.”
![36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_05](http://lawmagazine.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_05.jpg)
Hungary
Threat: Constitutional order overhauled and political opponents persecuted since Orban government came to power in 2010. Fix: Pressure EU to withhold budgetary allocations because of repeated violations of the rule of law. tutionality of laws may go to Poland’s other courts.
![36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_06](http://lawmagazine.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/36-41_BCWin18_F_Vlad_06.jpg)
Venezuela
Threat: President called on Constitutional Assembly to draft new constitution to replace 1999 one. Fix: Apply pressure from international bodies, such as Organization of American States, against Maduro Regime.